Objective: Today, the brand of tourism destinations plays a significant role in their success and also identifying opportunities for co-creation of the brand of tourism destinations can play a significant role in developing and promoting the brand of these destinations. The main goal of this research is to identify the tourism brand's entrepreneurial opportunities in the three stages before, during and after the trip. Methodology: In this study, in order to identify opportunities for tourism brand co-creation, first a semi-structured interview was conducted with domestic tourists who traveled to Tehran in August 2016, who were selected judiciously. Then the quantitative entropy method was used to prioritize the opportunities. Findings: From the text analysis of the interviews, 53 sub-themes and 13 main themes were identified in the form of 3 main axes (before, during and after the trip). The axis includes 4 opportunities before the trip, 4 opportunities during the trip and finally 5 opportunities after the trip. Conclusion: The results of the qualitative research indicate the importance of searching and gathering information in the pre-travel stage, interaction in the travel stage, recommendation and ordering in the post-travel stage are the most important. Quantitative findings also show that content production is the most important opportunity and destination protection is the least important opportunity from the point of view of marketing and tourism experts.

Purpose: The purpose of the public financial management system is to provide a correct basis for making decisions on resource allocation, determining measurable and expected results, and focusing decision-making on public sector problems. This research was done in order to identify opportunities to improve the country's public financial management system.Method: This study has a qualitative design and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The required information was collected and analyzed in 1400-1401 through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts.Results: Opportunities for improvement in public financial management sub-systems including tax system, treasury system, assets and liabilities management system, accounting and financial reporting system, audit system and performance evaluation system with the goals of providing sustainable resources, control Resources, financial discipline, optimal allocation of resources, transparent and efficient budget preparation, efficiency, effectiveness and economic efficiency, resource management within the budget, stakeholder participation, financial control and supervision, accountability, transparency and assurance were identified.Conclusion: Public financial management sector has four dimensions, including financial management, operational management, fiduciary risk management and governance, which aims to increase welfare, justice, accountability, transparency, rule of law, participation, responsibility, efficiency and effectiveness. The ultimate good governance. Therefore, one of the important ways to achieve good governance is to reform the public financial management system. A strong public financial management system can reduce poverty, increase social justice and meet the information needs of stakeholders to assess accountability and provide the basis for economic, social improvement and citizen satisfaction and help sustainability in different dimensions.Contribution: The findings of this research can help those involved in reforming the public financial management system.

Organizations that have the technology and the ability to use it can recognize and exploit this opportunity. Technology is one of the most vital components of commercial and industrial organizations. The existence of efficient information technology system is the basis of IT capabilities. Active companies in science and technology parks, which have become an important element in today's knowledge economy, should be active in identifying entrepreneurial opportunities and taking advantage of the available opportunities in the most desirable way. Therefore, the present study attempts to investigate the effect of IT capabilities on the identification of entrepreneurship opportunities by survey method and based on interpretive structural modeling in the Smart-PLS software environment in growth companies in Zahedan science park and technology. The statistical population of this research is all employees of companies in Zahedan science park and technology. According to Morgan table, 130 people were selected randomly. The tool used in the research was a questionnaire. Reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability, and their validity was confirmed through convergent and divergent validity. The results of data analysis showed that IT capabilities have a positive and significant effect on the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities by 0. 472. Therefore, resident companies in Science and Technology Park should pay attention to the role of IT capabilities and its dimensions in identifying business opportunities.

Today, along with the expansion of urbanization, changes in people's lifestyles and work-leisure patterns, the phenomenon of urban tourism is increasingly important. From this point of view, cities act as tourist destinations with a wide range of attractions and entertainment for citizens and residents, as well as for tourists and visitors from other places. The purpose of the present study is to identify the challenges and opportunities of urban tourism development in the district 4 of Tehran. The present study was a qualitative study that applied thematic analysis method to analyze the relevant data. The tool for data gathering was interview and 10experts were interviewed. MAXQDA software version 2020 was applied to analyse collected data, through which the main and secondary codes were extracted in three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding. The results indicated that in the challenges section, the main factors of infrastructural challenge, socio-cultural challenge, managerial challenge, environmental challenge and economic challenge were identified. Sub-codes were also identified for each main code. Moreover, for tourism development opportunities, the main components of amenities, tourist attractions, motivational factors, cultural and social factors and human resources were identified. On the other hand, the components of educational and advertising measures, infrastructure and policy measures, cultural and social measures, regulatory and health measures, public transport fleet infrastructure and environmental issues were identified as solutions for tourism development. Findings showed that in addition to the facilities, potential and actual opportunities for the development of urban tourism, there are several challenges and obstacles, including economic, infrastructural, socio-cultural, managerial and environmental challenges and obstacles.

IntroductionConsidering capabilities including good weather conditions, four types of climate, raining, and fertile soil, Ilam province has many entrepreneurship potentials and opportunities in agricultural sector. It is obvious that recognizing entrepreneurial opportunities in agricultural sector and reducing unemployment rate are of high importance in such conditions. Despite the significance of this issue, researchers have not paid much attention to recognition of women’s entrepreneurship opportunities. Considering that entrepreneurship is a capacity to discover and utilize profitable opportunities in a competitive market, a low level of understanding and recognition of entrepreneurship opportunities by Iranian entrepreneurs is notable. Accordingly, it can be inferred that not recognizing existent potentials and opportunities in the agricultural sector for women is the main reason for the low rate of employment among women, thus improving capabilities to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities among job seekers is one of the best solutions to resolve unemployment and to develop entrepreneurship.MethodologyThe current study is a practical interpretive research. In terms of method, it is a qualitative research in which an inductive approach has been utilized. Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis were utilized to analyze the data and the used texts, respectively. Semi-structured interview by an exploratory approach was utilized to achieve the goals of the qualitative research and to extract indicators related to recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. Five selected female entrepreneurs in 2019, 6 professors in entrepreneurship field who were familiar with agricultural sector's concerns, and 6 employees in Agricultural Jahad Organizations with more than 15 years of service, were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Non-probability and purposive sampling using a snowball sampling approach was utilized to select the sample. Selecting the sample was continued to ensure sufficiency and saturation of the data and to ensure that the next samples do not provide different information. In this study, 17 participants were interviewed. Lincoln and Guba’s evaluation was utilized to investigate the reliability and validity of the coding stage in analyzing qualitative context.Results and DiscussionQualitative analysis of field interviews and their implementation and coding showed that among the main themes of recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities for rural women, “psychological features” by 77 frequencies were the main themes. This main theme includes some secondary themes such as creativity, independence, the need for cognition, self-efficacy in recognizing entrepreneurial opportunities, and the ability to understand and organize information. Alertness with a frequency of 62 was the second main theme. This includes primary knowledge, social networks, evaluation of information, and connecting new information and primary knowledge. “Entrepreneurial intelligence” by frequency of 60 was the 3rd main theme. It includes secondary themes such as entrepreneurial insight, cognitive intelligence, social intelligence, venture intelligence, and provocative intelligence. The 4th main theme was “environmental supports” with a frequency of 47. It includes financial, social, cultural, and political support. The 5th theme was “ human capital” with a frequency of 33. This theme includes cognitive knowledge and experience. “Social capital” which includes connected philanthropy was the 6th theme with a frequency of 29. Turbulence as the 7th main theme by frequency of 27 includes secondary themes such as factors related to environment and personality factors.ConclusionAnalyzing information and the interviews showed that the main drivers for recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities can be categorized into seven categories ( social capital, human capital, psychological features, turbulence, entrepreneurial intelligence, alertness, and environmental support). Generally, in the current study, 124 initial codes, 97 conceptual codes, 25 basic ( main) themes, and 7 organizing (secondary) themes were recognized and extracted using thematic analysis of 17 interviews. 

This study aims to identify the challenges and opportunities for attracting and employing Iranian Coaches in International Leagues and Sports Competitions.  The study’s paradigm is interpretive-descriptive. Also, the research approach is qualitative and the strategy of this research is phenomenological strategy. Data were collected through interviews and in this regard, purposive sampling with heterogeneous sampling tactics was used. In fact, 23 coaches were interviewed through video call and in person. The software used in this research was MAXQDA 2020. Qualitative data analysis was performed in 7 main categories of skills, physical and mental ability, acculturation, organizational support, family support, technology familiarity and resume. These cases were summarized in the concept of "opportunities to attract and employ coaches". On the other hand, in the challenges section, there were 5 main categories of women's legal barriers, resume and education, organizational barriers, political barriers, and cultural communication barriers. All these cases were summarized in the concept of "challenges in attracting and employing Iranian coaches". According to the obtained categories, it can be said that the coaches of a society, like athletes, are among the most important and valuable human resources available. Iranian coaches, like other coaches around the world, are intelligent so that through the optimal use of opportunities along with purposive planning to eliminate obstacles and problems in various sports, both group and individual, the globe can use the existence of such coaches efficiently and dynamically.

Purpose: Today, the discussion about development of entrepreneurial opportunities is emphasized in all fields, including sports. Therefore, the purpose of this study was modeling to identifying factors affecting the development of sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research.Methodology: The research method was exploratory-sequential concerning strategy and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. Using purposeful sampling, semi-structured interviews was used to reach theoretical saturation and consensus in the qualitative section with 40 academic experts, sports entrepreneurs and sport manager. Then, 164 people were selected from these people, using the random sampling method in the quantitative part. The instruments included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale to determine these categories and model fit. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares method using variance-based statistical software Smart PLS 3.Findings: The findings of the exploratory factor analysis showed that factors affecting the development of the sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research had 52 items in 8 factors of entrepreneurial business environment, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial research, entrepreneurial marketing, entrepreneurial educational and research infrastructure, individual factors and social networks, which factor loading, convergent validity by average variance extracted method and reliability for all of them was calculated above 0.70. Also, the model of identifying the factors affecting the development of sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research had a good fit and the mentioned model had a positive and significant effect on each of the eight mentioned factors (P<0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated eight important and effective factors for developing sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research. Therefore, to improve sports entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports education and research, can be provided conditions to improve and promote the entrepreneurial business environment, entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial research, entrepreneurial marketing, entrepreneurial educational and research infrastructure, individual factors and social networks.

Introduction: In the current research, it has been tried to qualitatively study all kinds of policies and measures necessary for alignment between teacher preparation programs and democratic social education competencies under the model of teacher education curricula, which include: direct (official) curriculum, Indirect curriculum, informal curriculum (implicit) and unstructured curriculum (hidden) should be identified in the educational system. Method: Qualitative approach and phenomenological method were used in this research. The field of research is Farhangian University of Hormozgan and the participants are  13  lecturers of this university. The sampling method is a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The information was analyzed using thematic analysis method and then using MAXQDA software... Result: The information was analyzed using the theme analysis method and then using MAXQDA software in the form of 2  overarching themes, 8 organizing themes and 25  basic themes. The results of this research showed the basic policies and measures for teacher preparation programs, in the form of two components, strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula, separated by curricula (formal, informal, informal, unstructured curriculum) and with the goal of preparing The formation of teachers has been identified in the educational system to realize the competencies of democratic social education. Conclusion: Therefore, examining the opportunities, facilities, and resources available to achieve these actions should be on the agenda of decision makers and educational planners. It is necessary to pay special attention to the strategies and solutions of teacher training curricula.